Publications

1. Arnold, A.P. 1974 Behavioral effects of androgen in male zebra finches (Poephila guttata) and a search for its sites of action. Ph.D. dissertation, Rockefeller University.

2. Arnold, A.P. 1975 The effects of castration on song development in zebra finches (Poephila guttata). Journal of Experimental Zoology 191:261-278.

3. Arnold, A.P. 1975 The effects of castration and androgen replacement on song, courtship, and aggression in zebra finches (Poephila guttata). Journal of Experimental Zoology 191:309-326.

4. Floody, O.R. and A.P. Arnold 1975 Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomasi): Territoriality and the spatial distributions of sexual and agonistic behaviors at a territorial ground. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 37:192-212.

5. Asanuma, H. and A.P. Arnold 1975 Noxious effects of excessive current used for intracortical microstimulation. Brain Research 96:103-107.

6. Arnold, A.P., F. Nottebohm, and D.W. Pfaff 1976 Hormone concentrating cells in vocal control and other areas of the brain of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata). Journal of Comparative Neurology 165:487-512.

7. Nottebohm, F. and A.P. Arnold 1976 Sexual dimorphism in vocal control areas of the song bird brain. Science 194:211-213.

8. Shinoda, Y., A.P. Arnold, and H. Asanuma 1976 Spinal branching of corticospinal axons in the cat. Experimental Brain Research 26:215-234.

9. Asanuma, H., A.P. Arnold, and P. Zarzecki 1976 Further study of the excitation of pyramidal tract cells by microstimulation. Experimental Brain Research 26:443-461.

10. Asanuma, H., Y. Shinoda, A.P. Arnold, and P. Zarzecki 1976 Reexamination of functional arrangements of pyramidal tract neurons in the motor cortex of the cat. Experimental Brain Research Supplementum I:440-444.

11. Shinoda, Y., C. Ghez, and A.P. Arnold 1978 Spinal branching of rubrospinal axons in the cat. Experimental Brain Research 30:203-218.

12. Arnold, A.P. and A. Saltiel 1979 Sexual difference in pattern of hormone accumulation in the brain of a song bird. Science 205:702-705.

13. Arnold, A.P. 1980 Quantitative analysis of sex differences in hormone accumulation in the zebra finch brain: methodological and theoretical issues. Journal of Comparative Neurology 189:421-436.

14. Arnold, A.P. 1980 Effects of androgens on volumes of sexually dimorphic brain regions in the zebra finch. Brain Research 185:441-444.

15. Arnold, A.P. 1980 A technique for simultaneous steroid autoradiography and retrograde labelling of neurons. Brain Research 192:210-212.

16. Arnold, A.P. 1980 Sexual differences in the brain. American Scientist 68:165-173.

17. Breedlove, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1980 Hormone accumulation in a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus of the rat spinal cord. Science 210:564-566.

18. Arnold, A.P. 1980 Anatomical and electrophysiological studies of sexual dimorphism in a passerine vocal control system. Acta XVII Congressus Internationalis Ornithologia, Rolf Nohring, ed., vol. 1, pp. 649-652.

19. Arnold, A.P. 1981 Quantitative analysis of steroid autoradiograms. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 29:207-212.

20. Arnold, A.P. 1981 Logical levels of steroid hormone action in the control of vertebrate behavior. American Zoologist 21:233-242.

21. Lewis, J.W., S.M. Ryan, A.P. Arnold, and L.L. Butcher 1981 Evidence for a catecholaminergic projection to Area X in the zebra finch. Journal of Comparative Neurology 196:347-354.

22. Arnold, A.P. 1981 Model systems for the study of sexual differentiation of the nervous system. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2:148-149.

23. Ryan, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1981 Evidence for cholinergic participation in the control of bird song: acetylcholinesterase distribution and muscarinic receptor autoradiography in the zebra finch brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology 202:211-219.

24. Breedlove, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1981 Sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the rat spinal cord: Response to adult hormone manipulation, absence in androgen insensitive rats. Brain Research 225:297-307.

25. Ryan, S.M., A.P. Arnold, and R.P. Elde 1981 Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in vocal control regions of the zebra finch brain. Brain Research 229:236-240.

26. Breedlove, S.M., C.D. Jacobson, R.A. Gorski, and A.P. Arnold 1982 Masculinization of the female rat spinal cord following a single neonatal injection of testosterone propionate but not estradiol benzoate. Brain Research 237:173-181.

27. Jordan, C.L., S.M. Breedlove, and A.P. Arnold 1982 Sexual dimorphism and the influence of neonatal androgen in the dorsolateral motor nucleus of the rat lumbar spinal cord. Brain Research 249:309-314.

28. Bottjer, S.W. and A.P. Arnold 1982 Afferent neurons in the hypoglossal nerve of the zebra finch (Poephila guttata): Localization with horseradish peroxidase. Journal of Comparative Neurology 210:190-197.

29. Arnold, A.P. 1982 Neural control of passerine bird song. In D.E. Kroodsma and E.H. Miller, eds., Acoustic Communication in Birds. Academic Press, New York, vol. 1, pp. 75-94.

30. Breedlove, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1983 Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system: I. Complete demasculinization of the male rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus using the antiandrogen flutamide. Journal of Neuroscience 3:417-423.

31. Breedlove, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1983 Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system: II. Sensitive periods for the androgen induced masculinization of the rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus. Journal of Neuroscience 3:424-432.

32. Breedlove, S.M. and A.P. Arnold 1983 Sex differences in the pattern of steroid accumulation of motoneurons of the rat lumbar spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology 215:211-216.

33. Breedlove, S.M., C.L. Jordan, and A.P. Arnold 1983 Neurogenesis in the sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus in rats. Developmental Brain Research 9:39-43.

34. Baker, M.C., S.W. Bottjer, and A.P. Arnold 1984 Sexual dimorphism and lack of seasonal changes in vocal control regions of the White-crowned Sparrow brain. Brain Research 295:85-89.

35. Arnold, A.P. and R.A. Gorski 1984 Gonadal steroid induction of structural sex differences in the CNS. Annual Review of Neuroscience 7:413-442.

36. Bottjer, S.W. and A.P. Arnold 1984 The role of feedback from the vocal organ: I. Maintenance of stereotypical vocalizations by adult zebra finches. Journal of Neuroscience 4:2387-2396.

37. Arnold, A.P. 1984 Androgen regulation of motor neuron size and number. Trends in Neuroscience 7:239-242.

38. Bottjer, S.W. and A.P. Arnold 1984 Hormones and structural plasticity in the adult brain. Trends in Neuroscience 7:168-171.

39. Bottjer, S.W., E.A. Miesner, and A.P. Arnold 1984 Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds. Science 224:901-903.

40. Arnold, A.P. and S.W. Bottjer 1985 Cerebral lateralization in birds. In S.D. Glick (ed.), Cerebral Lateralization in Nonhuman Species. New York, Academic Press, pp. 11-39.

41. Bottjer, S.W., S.L. Glaessner, and A.P. Arnold 1985 Ontogeny of brain nuclei controlling song learning and behavior in zebra finches. Journal of Neuroscience 5:1556-1562.

42. Nordeen, E.J., K.W. Nordeen, D.R. Sengelaub, and A.P. Arnold 1985 Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus. Science, 229:671-673.

43. Brenowitz, E.A., A.P. Arnold, and R.N. Levin 1985 Neural correlates of female song in tropical duetting birds. Brain Research 343:104-112.

44. Brenowitz, E.A. and A.P. Arnold 1985 Lack of sexual dimorphism in steroid accumulation in vocal control brain regions of duetting song birds. Brain Research 344:172-175.

45. Arnold, A.P. 1985 Gonadal steroid-induced organization and reorganization of neural circuits involved in bird song. In C. Cotman (ed.), Synaptic Plasticity and Remodeling. New York, Guilford Press pp. 263-285.

46. Arnold, A.P. and S.M. Breedlove 1985 Organizational and activational effects of sex steroid hormones on vertebrate brain and behavior: a re-analysis. Hormones and Behavior 19:469-498.

47. Bottjer, S.W. and A.P. Arnold 1986 The ontogeny of vocal learning in song birds. In E. Blass (ed.), Developmental Processes in Psychobiology and Neurobiology. Vol. 8, New York, Plenum Press, pp. 129-161.

48. Bottjer, S.W., E.A. Miesner, and A.P. Arnold 1986 Changes in neuronal number, density and size account for increases in volume of song-control nuclei during song development in zebra finches. Neuroscience Letters, 67:263-268.

49. Kurz, E.M., D.R. Sengelaub, and A.P. Arnold 1986 Androgens regulate dendritic length of sexually dimorphic mammalian motoneurons in adulthood. Science 232:395-398.

50. Micevych, P.E., A. Coquelin, and A.P. Arnold 1986 Immunohistochemical distribution of substance P, serotonin, and methionine enkephalin in sexually dimorphic nuclei of the rat lumbar spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology 248:235-244.

51. Nordeen, K.W., E.J. Nordeen, and A.P. Arnold 1986 Estrogen establishes sex differences in androgen accumulation in zebra finch brain. Journal of Neuroscience 6:734-738.

52. Sengelaub, D.R. and A.P. Arnold 1986 Development and loss of early projections in a sexually dimorphic rat spinal nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience 6:1613-1620.

53. Bottjer, S.W., J.N. Schoonmaker, and A.P. Arnold 1986 Auditory and hormonal stimulation interact to produce neural growth in adult canaries. Journal of Neurobiology 17:605-612.

54. Brenowitz, E.A. and A.P. Arnold 1986 Interspecific comparisons of the size of neural song control regions and song complexity in duetting birds: evolutionary implications. Journal of Neuroscience 6:2875-2879.

55. Arnold, A.P., S.W. Bottjer, E.A. Brenowitz, E.J. Nordeen, and K.W. Nordeen 1986 Sexual dimorphisms in the neural vocal control system in song birds: ontogeny and phylogeny. Brain, Behavior, and Evolution 28:22-31.

56. Arnold, A.P., S.W. Bottjer, E.J. Nordeen, K.W. Nordeen, and D.R. Sengelaub 1987 Hormones and critical periods in behavioral and neural development. In J.P. Rauschecker and P. Marler, eds., Imprinting and Cortical Plasticity, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 55-97.

57. Nordeen, E.J., K.W. Nordeen, and A.P. Arnold 1987 Sexual differentiation of androgen accumulation within the zebra finch brain through selective cell loss and addition. Journal of Comparative Neurology 259: 393-399.

58. Jacobson, Carol D., A.P. Arnold, and R.A. Gorski 1987 Steroid autoradiography of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Brain Research 414:349-356.

59. Nordeen, K.W., E.J. Nordeen, and A.P. Arnold 1987 Estrogen accumulation in zebra finch song control nuclei: implications for sexual differentiation and adult activation of song behavior. Journal of Neurobiology 18:569-582.

60. Arnold, A.P. and G. Mathews 1988 Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in birds. In J.M.A. Sitsen (ed.), Handbook of Sexology, Vol. 6: Pharmacology of Sexual Function. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, pp. 122-144.

61. Arnold, A.P. and C.L. Jordan 1988 Hormonal organization of neural circuits. In L. Martini and W.F.Ganong (eds.), Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Vol. 10, pp. 185-214.

62. DeVoogd, T., E.A. Brenowitz, and A.P. Arnold 1988 Small sex differences in song control dendrites are associated with minimal differences in song capacity. Journal of Neurobiology 19:199-209.

63. Jordan, C.L., M.S. Letinsky, and A.P. Arnold 1988 Synapse elimination occurs late in the hormone-sensitive levator ani muscle of the rat. Journal of Neurobiology 19:335-356.

64. Matsumoto, A., P.E. Micevych, and A.P. Arnold 1988 Androgen regulates synaptic input to motoneurons of adult rat spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 8:4168-4176.

65. Matsumoto, A., A.P. Arnold, G.A. Zampighi, and P.E. Micevych 1988 Androgenic regulation of gap junctions between motoneurons in rat spinal cord. Journal of Neuroscience 8:4177-4183.

66. Arnold, A.P., A. Matsumoto, and P.E. Micevych 1988 Neural plasticity in a hormone-sensitive spinal nucleus. Bulletin of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Vol. 16, Suppl. 3:41-66.

67. Mathews, G.A., E.A. Brenowitz, and A.P. Arnold 1988 Paradoxical hypermasculinization of the zebra finch song system by an antiestrogen. Hormones and Behavior 22:540-551.

68. Jordan, C.L., M.S. Letinsky, and A.P. Arnold 1989 The role of gonadal hormones in neuromuscular synapse elimination in rats. I. Androgen delays the loss of multiple innervation in the levator ani muscle. Journal of Neuroscience 9:229-238.

69. Jordan, C.L., M.S. Letinsky, and A.P. Arnold 1989 The role of gonadal hormones in neuromuscular synapse elimination in rats. II. Multiple innervation persists in the adult levator ani muscle after juvenile androgen treatment. Journal of Neuroscience 9:239-247.

70. Lee, J.H., C.L. Jordan, and A.P. Arnold 1989 Critical period for androgenic regulation of soma size of sexually dimorphic motoneurons in rat spinal cord. Neuroscience Letters 98:79-84.

71. Sengelaub, D.R. and A.P. Arnold 1989 Hormonal control of neuron number in sexually dimorphic spinal nuclei of the rat. I. Testosterone regulated death in the dorsolateral nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 280:622-629.

72. Sengelaub, D.R., C.L. Jordan, E.M. Kurz, and A.P. Arnold 1989 Hormonal control of neuron number in sexually dimorphic spinal nuclei of the rat. II. Development of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus in androgen-insensitive (Tfm) rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 280:630-636.

73. Sengelaub, D.R., E.J. Nordeen, K.W. Nordeen, and A.P. Arnold 1989 Hormonal control of neuron number in sexually dimorphic spinal nuclei of the rat. III. Differential effects of dihydrotestosterone on the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus and dorsolateral nucleus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 280:637-644.

74. Brenowitz, E.A. and A.P. Arnold 1989 Accumulation of estrogen in a vocal control brain region of a duetting song bird. Brain Research 480:119-125.

75. Matsumoto, A., A.P. Arnold, and P.E. Micevych 1989 Gap junctions between lateral spinal motoneurons in the rat. Brain Research 495:362-366.

76. Arnold, A.P. 1990 The passerine bird song system as a model in neuroendocrine research. Journal of Experimental Zoology Supplement 4:22-30.

77. Lubischer, J.L. and A.P. Arnold 1989 Autoradiographic localization of progestin-concentrating cells in the brain of the zebra finch. Journal of Comparative Neurology 291:450-456.

78. Mathews, G.A. and A.P. Arnold 1990 Antiestrogens fail to prevent masculine ontogeny of the zebra finch song system. General and Comparative Endocrinology 80:48-58.

79. Brenowitz, E.A. and A.P. Arnold 1990 The effects of systemic androgen treatment on androgen accumulation in song control regions of the adult female canary brain. Journal of Neurobiology 21:837-843.

80. Arnold, A.P. 1990 Hormonally induced synaptic reorganization in the adult brain. In Hormones, Brain and Behavior in Vertebrates, J. Balthazart, ed., Comparative Physiology, Karger, Basel, 8:82-91.

81. Jordon, C.L., Letinsky, M.S. and A.P. Arnold 1990 Critical period for the androgenic block of neuromuscular synapse elimination. Journal of Neurobiology 21:760-767.

82. Herrmann, K. and A.P. Arnold 1990 Lesions of HVc block the developmental masculinizing effects of estradiol in the female song system. Journal of Neurobiology 22:29-39.

83. Shen, P. A.P. Arnold, and P.E. Micevych 1990 Supraspinal projections to the ventromedial lumbar spinal cord in adult male rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology 300:263-272.

84. Herrmann, K. and A.P. Arnold 1991 The development of afferent projections to the robust archistriatal nucleus in male zebra finches: a quantitative electron microscopic study. Journal of Neuroscience 11:2063-2074.

85. Sasaki, M. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Androgenic regulation of dendritic trees of motoneurons in the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus: reconstruction after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. Journal of Comparative Neurology 308:11-27.

86. Schlinger, B.A. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Brain is the major site of estrogen synthesis in a male songbird. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 88:4191-4194.

87. Arnold, A.P., C.L. Jordan, M. Sasaki, and J.L. Lubischer 1991 Androgenic regulation of synaptic organization in sexually dimorphic motoneurons in rats: effects on neuromuscular synapse elimination and afferent inputs to the motoneuron. In A. Wernig, ed., Plasticity of Motoneuronal Connections-- Peripheral and Central. Restorative Neurology 5:299-308. Elsevier.

88. Coquelin, A., P.E. Micevych and A.P. Arnold 1991 Sexually dimorphic, androgen sensitive, enkephalinergic afferents to a lumbar motor nucleus of rats. Journal of Neurobiology 22:873-881.

89. Jordan, C.L., S.M. Breedlove, and A.P. Arnold 1991 Ontogeny of steroid accumulation in spinal lumbar motoneurons of the rat: implications for androgen's site of action during synapse elimination. Journal of Comparative Neurology 313:441-448.

90. Schlinger, B.A. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Androgen effects on the development of the zebra finch song system. Brain Research 561:99-105.

91. Schlinger, B.A. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Plasma sex steroids and tissue aromatization in hatchling zebra finches: implications for the sexual differentiation of singing behavior. Endocrinology 130:289-299.

92. Mathews, G.A. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Tamoxifen fails to block estradiol accumulation, yet is weakly accumulated by juvenile zebra finch anterior hypothalamus: an autoradiographic study. Journal of Neurobiology 22:957-969.

93. Mathews, G.A. and A.P. Arnold 1991 Tamoxifen's effects on the zebra finch song system are estrogenic, not antiestrogenic. Journal of Neurobiology 22:970-975.

94. Arnold, A.P. 1992 Hormonally induced alterations in synaptic organization in the adult nervous system. Experimental Gerontology 27:99-110.

95. Lubischer, J.L., C.L. Jordan and A.P. Arnold 1992 Transient and permanent effects of androgen during synapse elimination in the levator ani muscle of the rat. Journal of Neurobiology 23:1-9.

96. Schlinger BA, Arnold AP. 1992 Circulating estrogens in a male songbird originate in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 89:7650-7653

97. Arnold AP. 1992 Developmental plasticity in neural circuits controlling bird song: Sexual differentiation and the neural basis of learning. Journal of Neurobiology 23:1506-1528.

98. Schlinger, B.A., R.H. Slotow and A.P. Arnold 1992 Plasma estrogens and brain aromatase in winter white-crowned sparrows. Ornis Scandinavica 23:292-297.

99. Brenowitz, E.A. and A.P. Arnold 1992 Hormone accumulation in song regions of the canary brain. Journal of Neurobiology 23:871-880.

100. Jordan, C.L., P.A. Pawson, A.P. Arnold, and A.D. Grinnell 1992 Hormonal regulation of motor unit size and synaptic strength during synapse elimination in the rat levator ani muscle. Journal of Neuroscience 12:44447-4459.

101. Tanaka, J. and A.P. Arnold 1993 Androgenic modulation of the activity of lumbar neurons involved in the rat bulbocavernosus reflex. Experimental Brain Research 94:301-307.

102. Tanaka, J. and A.P. Arnold 1993 An electrophysiological study of descending projections to the lumbar spinal cord in adult male rats. Experimental Brain Research 96:117-124.

103. Arnold, A.P. and B.S. Schlinger 1993 Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior: the zebra finch is not just a flying rat. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 42:231-241.

104. Schlinger, B.A. and A.P. Arnold 1993 Estrogen synthesis in vivo in the adult zebra finch: additional evidence that circulating estrogens can originate in brain. Endocrinology 133:2610-2616.

105. Arnold, A.P. and B.S. Schlinger 1993 The puzzle of sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior in zebra finches. Poultry Science Reviews 5:3-13.

106. Grisham, W., G.A. Mathews, and A.P. Arnold 1994 Local intracerebral implants of estrogen masculinize some aspects of the zebra finch song system. Journal of Neurobiology 25:185-196.

107. Wade, J. and A.P. Arnold 1994 Post-hatching inhibition of brain aromatase activity does not alter sexual differentiation of the zebra finch song system. Brain Research 639:347-350.

108. Wade, J., B.A. Schlinger, L. Hodges, and A.P. Arnold 1994 Fadrozole, a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase in the zebra finch brain. General and Comparative Endocrinology 94:53-61.

109. Shen, P., C.W. Campagnoni, K. Kampf, B.A. Schlinger, A.P. Arnold, and A.T. Campagnoni 1994 Isolation and characterization of a zebra finch aromatase cDNA: in situ hybridization reveals high aromatase expression in brain. Molecular Brain Research 24:227-237.

110. Grisham, W. and A.P. Arnold 1994 Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the song system of the zebra finch. Brain Research 651:115-122.

111. Arnold, A.P. 1994 Critical events in the development of bird song: what can neurobiology contribute to the study of the evolution of behavior? In L. Real, ed., Behavioral Mechanisms in Evolutionary Ecology, University of Chicago Press, pp. 219-237.

112. Schlinger, B.A., S. Amur-Umarjee, A.T. Campagnoni, and A.P. Arnold 1994 Neuronal and non-neuronal cells express high levels of aromatase in primary cultures of developing zebra finch telencephalon. Journal of Neuroscience 14:7541-7552.

113. Grisham, W. and A.P. Arnold 1995 A direct comparison of the masculinizing effects of testosterone, androstenedione, estrogen, and progesterone on the development of the zebra finch song system. Journal of Neurobiology 26:163-170.

114. Lubischer, J. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Axotomy of developing rat spinal motoneurons: cell survival, soma size, muscle recovery, and the influence of testosterone. Journal of Neurobiology 26:225-240.

115. Schlinger, B.A., S. Amur-Umarjee, A.T. Campagnoni, and A.P. Arnold 1995 5_-reductase and other androgen-metabolizing enzymes in mixed primary cultures of developing zebra finch telencephalon. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 7:187-192.

116. Schlinger, B.A. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Estrogen synthesis and secretion by the songbird brain. In P.E. Micevych and R.P. Hammer, Jr., eds., Neurobiological effects of sex steroid hormones, pp. 297-323.

117. Jordan, C.L., S. Watamura, and A.P. Arnold 1995 Androgenic not estrogenic steroids alter neuromuscular synapse elimination. Developmental Brain Research 84:225-232.

118. Wade, J., B.A. Schlinger, and A.P. Arnold 1995 Aromatase and 5_-reductase activity in cultures of developing zebra finch brain: an investigation of sex and regional differences. Journal of Neurobiology 27: 240-251.

119. Jacobs, E., W. Grisham, and A.P. Arnold 1995 Lack of a synergistic effect between estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in the masculinization of the zebra finch song system. Journal of Neurobiology 27:513-519.

120. Lubischer, J.L. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Evidence for target regulation of the development of androgen-sensitivity in rat spinal motoneurons. Developmental Neuroscience 17:106-117.

121. Shen, P., B.A. Schlinger, A.T. Campagnoni, and A.P. Arnold 1995 An atlas of aromatase mRNA expression in the zebra finch brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology 360:172-184.

122. Lubischer, J.L. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Axotomy transiently down-regulates androgen receptors in motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus. Brain Research 694:61-68.

123. Al-Shamma, H.A. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Importance of target innervation in recovery from axotomy-induced loss of androgen receptor in rat perineal motoneurons. Journal of Neurobiology 28:341-353.

124. Tanaka, J. and A.P. Arnold 1995 Specificity of androgenic regulation of input to sexually dimorphic motoneurons in male rat lumbar spinal cord. Experimental Neurology 136:258-60.

125. Wade, J. and A.P. Arnold 1996 Functional testicular tissue does not masculinize development of the zebra finch song system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 93:5264-5268.

126. Jacobs, E.C., A.P. Arnold, and A.T. Campagnoni 1996 Zebra finch estrogen receptor cDNA: cloning and mRNA expression. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 59:135-145.

127. Vanson, A., A.P. Arnold, and B.A. Schlinger 1996 3_-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/_5-_4 isomerase and aromatase activity in primary cultures of developing zebra finch telencephalon: dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate for synthesis of androstenedione and estrogens. General and Comparative Endocrinology 102:342-350.

128. Arnold, A.P., J. Wade, W. Grisham, E.C. Jacobs, and A.T. Campagnoni (1996) Sexual differentiation of the brain in songbirds. Developmental Neuroscience 18:124-136.

129. Brenowitz, E.A., A.P. Arnold, and P. Loesche (1996) Steroid accumulation in song nuclei of a sexually dimorphic duetting bird. Journal of Neurobiology 31:235-244.

130. Wade, J., M.L. Springer, J.C. Wingfield, and A.P. Arnold (1996) Neither testicular androgens nor embryonic aromatase activity alter morphology of the neural song system in zebra finches. Biology of Reproduction 55:1126-1132.

131. Arnold, A.P. (1996) Genetically triggered sexual differentiation of brain and behavior. Hormones and Behavior 30: 495-505.

132. Jordan, C.L., B. Padgett, G. Prins, and A.P. Arnold 1996 Ontogeny of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in lumbar motoneurons and in the sexually dimorphic levator ani muscle of male rats. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 379:88-98.

133. Bottjer, S.W. and A.P. Arnold (1997) Developmental plasticity in neural circuits for a learned behavior. Annual Review of Neuroscience 20:455-477.

134. Al-Shamma, H.A. and A.P. Arnold (1997) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates expression of androgen receptors in perineal motoneurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,USA 94: 1521-1526.

135. Floody, O.R. and A.P. Arnold (1997) Song lateralization in the zebra finch brain. Hormones and Behavior 31:25-34.

136. Grisham, A., A. Tam, C.M. Greco, B.A. Schlinger, and A.P. Arnold (1997) A putative 5_-reductase inhibitor demasculinizes portions of the zebra finch song system. Brain Research, 750:122-128

137. Wade, J., A. Gong, and A.P. Arnold 1997 Effects of embryonic estrogen on differentiation of the gonads and secondary sexual characteristics of male zebra finches. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 278:405-411.

138. Grisham, W., J. Wade, and A.P. Arnold (1997) Sexual differentiation of the songbird brain: evidence for hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms. In S. Harvey and R.J. Etches, eds., Perspectives in Avian Endocrinology. Journal of Endocrinology Ltd, Bristol, pp. 37-46.

139. Arnold, A.P. (1997) Experimental analysis of sexual differentiation of the zebra finch brain. Brain Research Bulletin, 44:503-507

140. Arnold, A.P. (1997) Sexual differentiation of the zebra finch song system: positive evidence, negative evidence, null hypotheses, and a paradigm shift. Journal of Neurobiology, 33:572-584

141. Ramachandran, B., B.A. Schlinger, A.P. Arnold, and A.T. Campagnoni (1999) Zebra finch aromatase gene expression is regulated in the brain through an alternate promoter. Gene 15:209-16.

142. Gong, A., Fred W. Freking, J. Wingfield, B.A. Schlinger, and A.P. Arnold (1999) Effects of embryonic treatment with fadrozole on phenotype of gonads, syrinx, and neural song system in zebra finches. General and Comparative Endocrinology 115: 346-353.

143. Jacobs, E.C., A.P. Arnold, and A.T. Campagnoni (2000) Developmental regulation of the distribution of aromatase and estrogen receptor mRNA expressing cells in the zebra finch brain. Developmental Neuroscience 21:453-472.

144. Arnold, A.P. 2000 Hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms of sexual differentiation of the zebra finch brain: Embracing the null hypothesis. In A. Matsumoto, ed., Sexual Differentiation of the Brain, CRC Press, New York, pp 131-148.

145. Yang, L.-Y. and A.P. Arnold 2000 BDNF regulation of androgen receptor expression in axotomized SNB motoneurons of adult male rats. Brain Research 852: 127-129

146. Yang, L.-Y. and A.P. Arnold 2000 Interaction of BDNF and androgen in regulation of adult perineal motoneurons. Journal of Neurobiology 44:308-19.

147. Saldanha, C.J., M.J. Tuerk, Y.-H. Kim, A.O. Fernandes, A.P.Arnold, and B.A. Schlinger 2000 The distribution and regulation of telencephalic aromatase expression in the zebra finch revealed with a specific antibody. Journal of Comparative Neurology 423:619-630.

148. Patel M, Dorman KS, Zhang Y-H, Huang B-L, Arnold AP, Sinsheimer JS, Vilain E, McCabe ERB. (2000) Primate DAX1, SRY, and SOX9: Evolutionary stratification of sex determination pathways. American Journal of Human Genetics 68:275-280.

149. Arnold AP, Agate R, Carruth L, Patel M, Perlman W, Ramachandran B, Xu J. 2002 Do sex chromosomal genes directly induce sexually dimorphic neural development? In R.J. Handa, S. Hayashi, E. Terasawa, and M. Kawata, eds., Neuroplasticity, Development and Steroid Hormone Action. New York, CRC Press, pp. 301-317.

150. Arnold AP. 2002 Concepts of genetic and hormonal induction of vertebrate sexual differentiation in the twentieth century, with special reference to the brain. 2002 In Pfaff DW, Arnold AP, Etgen AM, Fahrbach SE, Rubin RT (eds.), Hormones, Brain and Behavior, vol IV, chapter 63, Academic Press, New York, pp 105-135.

151. Grisham J, Lee J, McCormick ME, Yang-Stayner K, Arnold AP. 2002 Antiandrogen blocks estrogen-induced masculinization of the song system in female zebra finches. Journal of Neurobiology 51:1-8.

152. Agate RJ, Perlman W, Arnold AP. 2002 Cloning and expression of zebra finch SF1 (Steroidogenic factor 1): Overlap with hypothalamic but not telencephalic aromatase. Biology of Reproduction 66:1127-1133.

153. Xu J, Burgoyne PS, Arnold AP 2002 Sex differences in sex chromosome gene expression in mouse brain. Human Molecular Genetics 11:1409-1419

154. De Vries GJ, Rissman EF, Simerly RB, Yang L-Y , Scordalakes EM, Auger C, Swain A, Lovell-Badge R, Burgoyne PS, Arnold AP. 2002 Sex chromosome effects on the induction of sexually dimorphic neural and behavioral development. Journal of Neuroscience 22:9005-9014.

155. Carruth LC, Reisert I, Arnold AP. 2002 Direct effect of sex chromosome genes on brain sexual differentiation. Nature Neuroscience 5:933-934.

156. Markham JA, Jurgens HA, Auger CJ, De Vries GJ, Arnold AP, Juraska JM. 2003 Sex differences in mouse cortical thickness are independent of sex chromosome complement. Neuroscience 116:71-75.

157. Perlman WR, Ramachandran B, Arnold AP 2003 Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the late embryonic and early posthatch zebra finch brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology 455:513-530.

158. Perlman WR, Arnold AP 2003 Expression of estrogen receptor and aromatase mRNA in embryonic and post-hatch zebra finch brain. Journal of Neurobiology 55:204-219.

159. Agate RJ, Grisham W, Wade J, Mann S, Wingfield J, Schanen C, Palotie A, Arnold AP. 2003 Neural not gonadal origin of brain sex differences in a gynandromorphic finch. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:4873-4878.

160. Arnold AP 2003 The gender of the voice within: Neural origin of sex differences in the brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 13:759-764..

161. Arnold AP, Rissman EF, De Vries GJ 2003 Two perspectives on the origin of sex differences in the brain. Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences 1007: 176-188.

162. Agate RJ, Choe MC, Arnold AP. 2004 Sex differences in structure and expression of the sex chromosome genes CHD1Z and CHD1W in zebra finches. Molecular Biology and Evolution 21:384-396.

163. Kim Y-H, Perlman WR, Arnold AP 2004 Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the zebra finch song system: developmental regulation by estrogen. Journal of Comparative Neurology 469:535-547.

164. Arnold AP, Burgoyne PS 2004 Are XX and XY brain cells intrinsically different? Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 15:6-11.

165. Wagner CK, Xu J, Pfau JL, Quadros PS, De Vries GJ, Arnold AP. 2004 Neonatal mice possessing an Sry transgene show a masculinized pattern of progesterone receptor expression in the brain independent of sex chromosome status. Endocrinology 145:1046-1049.

166. Arnold AP, Xu J, Grisham W, Chen X, Kim Y-H, Itoh Y 2004 Sex chromosomes and brain sexual differentiation. Endocrinology 145:1057-1062.

167. Arnold AP, Agate RJ, Carruth LC 2004 Hormonal and non-hormonal mechanisms of sexual differentiation of the brain. In Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, edited by Legato M. Vol 1, pp 84-95. San Diego, Elsevier Academic Press,

168. Wade J, Arnold AP. 2004 Sexual differentiation of the zebra finch song system. In P. Ziegler and P. Marler, eds., Behavioral Neurobiology of Birdsong, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1016:540-559.

169. Wade J, Peabody C, Coussens P, Tempelman RJ, Clayton D, Liu L, Arnold AP, Agate R. 2004 A cDNA microarray from the telencephalon of juvenile male and female zebra finches. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 138:199-206.

170. Arnold AP. 2004 Sex chromosomes and brain gender. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5:701-708.

171. Itoh Y, Arnold AP. 2005 Chromosomal polymorphism and comparative painting analysis in the zebra finch. Chromosome Research 13:47-56.

172. Becker J, Arnold A, Berkley KJ, Blaustein, JD, Eckel LA, Hampson E, Herman JP, Marts S, Sadee W, Steiner M, Taylor J, Young E. 2004 Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior. Endocrinology 146:1650-1673.

173. Xu J, Taya, S, Kaibuchi K, Arnold AP. 2005 Spatially and temporally specific expression in mouse hippocampus of Usp9x, a ubiquitin-specific protease involved in synaptic development. Journal of Neuroscience Research 80:47-55.

174. Palaszynski KM, Smith DL, Burgoyne PS, Arnold AP, Voskuhl RR 2005 A yin-yang effect between sex chromosomes and sex hormones on the immune response. Endocrinology, in press.

175. Chen X, Agate RJ, Itoh Y, Arnold AP 2005 Sexually dimorphic expression of trkB, a Z-linked gene, in early posthatch zebra finch brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102:7730-5

176. Xu J, Arnold AP, Sexually dimorphic expression of co-repressor sin3A in mouse kidneys. Endocrine Research, in press.

177. Xu J, Taya S, Kaibuchi K, Arnold AP. 2005 Sexually dimorphic expression of Usp9x is related to sex chromosome complement in adult mouse brain Journal of European Neuroscience, in press.

178. Kim Y-H, Arnold AP. 2005 Distribution and onset of aldehyde dehydrogenase (zRalDH) expression in zebra finch brain: lack of sex difference in HVC and RA at early posthatch ages. Journal of Neurobiology, in press.

179. Luo M., Yu Y, Kim H, Kudrna D, Itoh Y, Agate RJ, Goicoechea JL, Talag J, Mueller C, Wang W, Currie J, Sisneros NB, Wing RA, Arnold AP. 2005 Construction and characterization of a BAC library of the zebra finch genome, and its utilization to determine the structure of an avian androgen receptor genomic region, submitted.

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Last revision: August 29, 2000